Combined sound and color motion picture and television recording apparatus



July 5, 1960 M. E. EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND DOLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. '7, 195

l'7 Sheets-Sheet 1 M. E. EvANs 2,944,109 COMBINED sOuND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS July 5, 1960 17 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 7. 1955 wiwi l mi 'EMO/e.

July 5, 1960 M. E EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS l? Sheets-Sheet I5 Filed Dec. 7, 1953 1N V EN TOR.

July 5, 1960 Filed Dec. '7, 1953 M. E, EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 JNVENTOR. v

July s, 1969 Filed Dec. 7. 1955 y M. E. r-:vANs COMBINED souNn AND coLoR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS I MUNI! v INVENTOR.

17 sheets-sheet 5 I July 5 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,944,109

COMBINED sOuND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE v AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. '7. 1953 17 Sheets-Sheet '7 A I MQ E. EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS l July `5,"1960l 17 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Dec. 7,'1955 FIG. l-

July 5, 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,944,109 COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE l AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS .Filed Deo. 7. 1953 l'Sheets-Sheet 9 n 'l/////////j///l ,V/'

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July 5, 1960 M, E, EVANS 2,944,109

. COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 1953 17 Sheets-Sheet 10 July 5, 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,944,109 COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 195s 1T sheets-sheet II FI 52.7. s z (s IM 'EN TOR.

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F. as FIG` 2O July 5, 1960 M. E. EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS 17 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed Dec. '7, 1953 July 5, 1960 M. E, EVANS 2,944,109

COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 1953 17 Sheets-Sheet 13 FIG. 36.

INVENTOR.

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July 5', 1960 M. E. EVANS l 2,944,109

COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7. 1953 v aaa' es 5992i 5333/7 F V l l l 292 -29 7g' FIG. v56. 31/ M 288'; /l 'l" l :il f 297/ 1 *Il f 29N; 300 306' 292 m Jal :i g. Y 3o 295 Il*I I I y ll. Il als 39 INVETOR.

17 sheets-sheet 1'4 July 5,1960 M. E. EvANs 4 l f COMBINED SOUNDAND COLOR MOTION PICTURE -AND TELEVISION .RECORDING APPARATUS A l? Sheets-Sheet 15 l Filed Deo. "1. 1953 FIG. 42 53. FIG. 43.

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AJuly 5,l 1960v 'f E. EVANS COMBINED SOUND AND COLOR MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 195s 17 Sheets-Sheet 16 will v Mk July 5, 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,944,109

COMBINED sOuNO lANO COLOR MOTION PICTURE ANO TELEVISION RECORDING APPARATUS 'Filed Dec. 7, 1953 I 17 Sheets-Sheet 1'7 FIG. 5L

INVENTR.

vphotographic apparatus basically adapted 'to useyin nited States Patent O COMBINED SOUND VAND COLOR MOTION PIC- TURESAND TELEVISION RECORDING APPA- lRATU Martin E. Evans, 205 6th Ave., Brooklynll, N.Y. Filed Dec. 7, 1953, Ser. No. 398,111

16 Claims. (Cl. 1`178-7.4)

This invention relates to y.motion picturephotography and more particularly to apparatus applicable rto multiple usage in the field of recording, rprojecting and print- .ing of motion'pictures with sound and color.

It is an object of this .invention to remove the Ilimitations imposed upon motion picture photography by the limitations o-f the individual elements'inafmotion .picture machine, by the assembled arrangement .ofthose elements, and by the carrier .ofthe photographicr emulsion utilizing those elements.

Amongfthefurther objects of .thisi'nvention arex'accessibility, particularly of the shutter, an increase in rangey of shutter action; provision for automatic phasingof the shutter; provision for multiple color filters-to .selectively analyzelight into primary colors vby.individual .colors and by collective primaryv color scanning; proapparatus.

2,944,109 Patented .July `5, 41960 ice 2 color recording; (5) exibility in identifying thecolor -with thefilm frame; (6) flexibility in sound recording and'reprodiuction; (7) flexibility in operation for either recording, projection or printing; (8) flexibility in the type of emulsion carrier; (9) flexibility in exposure light control; and they havewholly lacked facilities-for feeding a'control tape through the mechanism, particularly during image and soundrecording. To provide any one of these features is an addition to theart. `To fprovide them collectivelly, making them availablesimultaneously in a single machine is a further addition *to the art, providing new, basic and pioneer photographic The methods of photography using'thisfapparatus are new andbasic.

Further objects of the invention and novel features -will be `apparent from the following speciiication-when Iconsidered with the accompanying drawing.

Because of the present state -of flux in the-color television art, there being six systems -noW before the-public, a great degree `of flexibilityfis required in altilm recordingapparatus to meet recording requirements'of fthese varied systems. Only one of-thesevmayultimately vvserve as a basis forvpublic service. In the intervalawaiting selection ofthe one system, a lm recordingapparatus inustprovide for cooperative action with them-all.

- To thisrend the motion picture camera'is provided with operating: control elements permitting `changes therein ato function with a multitude of systems shouldtheydevelop.

vision for phasing of color iilters withrespect tothefilm;

provision for automatically identifying the analyzed colors on exposed and developed'emulsion; provision for 'con electronic tube; provision. for Ygenerating electrical pulses by mechanical or relative movement of the `generating means; provision for magnetically recording the pulses on mechanically moving means; provision for'comparing the relative positions of the. recordings .fon lthe record; provision for feeding magneticv control 1 tape through the mechanism to influencethe kmechanisxns operation; provision for recording sound on the lfn selectively before 4recording images or `afterreoording Timages or .both before and `aftergrprovision for using the apparatus for photography, projection, printing, stereoscopically, stereophonically and anamorphoscopically.

It is a further objective of this invention to.y provide diverse fields. l vf Motion picture machines are operated inv diverse .fields and with varied lighting conditions such as motion picture studios, news Yreel recording, scientific investigation, stroboscopic engineering investigation, television screen photography .and color photography. yThe usual motion picture machine and machines designed for special fields such as television screenvphotography have V.n0tbee11 readily usable in other fields heretofore. They A.have -lacked (1) flexibility in manipulating the shutter; (2) exibility in transporting and manipulating "theiilm in the machine: (3) =ii'exibility inphasingthe electric "drive" with the ilm pull down; (4) exibility in primary elementsfof the camera are provided with a thin -layer yof magnetizable material on a suitable non magnetizable backing such as paper, aluminum, non magnetizable .stainless steel, etc. Y erably iinely divided magnetic oxides of iron suspended This magnetizable material, prefin a plastic lacquer, may be applied to the associated elements with an artists air brush. Recording and play backpole pieces mounted on stationary elements in close proximity to the movable surface coating not -only provide a means for recording on and reproducing from't'he magnetic medium 'but assist` `in the selection of stored signals from the record,

Preferably, theY pole pieces consist of split Mumetal cores, ea'ch halfbeing composed 'of 12 laminations0.006 inch thick, cemented together Iand stacked to a totalA thickness of approximately 0.10 inch. The cores. Yare wound with either one 250-turncoil or two'SOOturn coils as required .by the vplayback andA recordingpole pieces, respectively. The active tips ofthe two halve'sfof Vthe core are carefullylapped'and polished; The airA gap thus formed supplies the leakage"iiel'd by'which sharp current pulses 1 in the lcoils `may be recordedv as 'short #dipoles in the moving 'magnetic medium as it passeshhder the pole -piece tips. 'In order to insure a high `degree/of reliabilityrin operation, only ten pulses 4are recordedj per inch of circumference on ythe surface of very fast moving surfaces. Y

The pole pieces are mounted vin machined brassor molded plastic housings, according as magneticv shielding is or is not necessary due to the close proximitybfrecording and playback units. Since the housingsvare ap- .proximately 1/2 inch thick, they are mounted on stepped provides 0.125 inch between recording channels to-.pre-

Vent cross talk. Y

I 'he two coils of a record vpole piece are lwound in opposition vwlth a common ground between them.. A sharp @currentk puls,e.'appliedy to. one ofthe coil input terminals causes a' positive or negative magnetic dipole to be recorded in the magnetic medium, depending on the direc- To this end, rotating, reciprocating and belt line-motionl of lthecurrent. In either case, a dipole recorded by the other coil will beof the opposite polarity for the same direction ofcurrentflow. A recorded dipole, in passing under a playback pole piece will generate an electromotive force at the output terminal of its coil. The resulting pulse forms a positive peak followed by a negative peak, Fig. 11, or a negative peak followed by a positive peak, Fig. 11.

Signals coming from a play back pole piece are de livered to a play back unit where they are amplified' and converted into a rectangular envelope. For example, Fig.

1 1 shows a series of dipole record combinations, (a) at coils of a record pole piece, as shown in Fig. 11.

The magnetic disk, belt, and drum storage has the pleasing characteristic that information once recorded remains on the yrecording surface indenitely unless de- "-liberately altered. Moreover, provided that accurately -timed record pulses are used, it is not necessary to erase v the surface by demagnetizing it, in order to change from Yone dipole record to the other. record current is sulicient to saturate the medium in either direction, with the result that the recorded dipoles "either lremain unchangedor suffer a complete reversal of, .Y polarity, when subjected to a record pulse oflike or opi posite sign respectively. Thus it Ybecomes possible to Vvrecord `a succession of quantities in a given channel with complete` assurance that the last information delivered to the storage drum, disk or belt will be stored there lindependent of any previously recorded quantities.

This is because the The accurately stored pulses required in the operation of the record and play back units are themselves obtained fromstorage disk, drum or belt where channels of evenly spaced dipoles have been permanently recorded. From another aspect this invention contemplates the conversion of the light image on a television screen from i the aspect ratio of the screen to an aspect ratio. suited to providing the effect when projected fro-m'the recording Yfilm of (l). three dimension viewing, or (2) stereoscopic viewing, or (3) a combination of these elects. The pro- `jected Iaspect ratio is preferably within 1:21/2.

The first effect may be obtained. (a)l by the use of a l so-called anamorphoscopic process, using a lens to coml pressyin the end portions of the image when recording and another lens to Vexpand the compressed parts whenA l projected, (b) lby anpimage rotating lens system forelongating the image `along the length of the lm so that, for 1" example, on 35 mm. film, the usual length of the image A. ','across the film is turned lengthwise of the film to occupy two frame spaces. The secondetfect may be vobtained by f an optical system providing a pair of separated side by Aside images from the screen on the film, the filmlimages A. being side by side either vertically or horizontally of the nlm. If the images are in the noted horizontal position, phasing only is required during projection; if they are` Vin the vertical position, they may be transferred to horizontal sized pictures by certain image erecting aggregations well known to the art.

The third noted combination may be obtained by Iusing an `optical device for picture phasing, difr-acting Wedge and polarizators.

Operations are contemplated with the iilm running Veither' horizontally or vertically. A camera head is provided containing all the devices for interchangeable use. The camera and magazine may be rotated clockwise 90 giving accessrto lrn chamber of case and magazines from 'v I the top in place of the side.

This application is a continuation in part of application Serial No. 120,563, led October 10. 1949. and now be' coming `Patent No. 2,661,652, subject Motion Picture Ap paratus and Method.

The accompanying drawing is as follows:

Fig. l is -a iront side view of a motion picture camera mounted on a tripod before a television receiver.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a dark tunnel isolating extraneous light from that passing from the television receiver tube to the camera of F-ig. 1.

Fig. 3 is -a back side view of the camera of Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the camera of Fig. 1 showing the camera body shifted to one side to give access to a shutter chamber.

Fig. 5 shows Ian embodiment of the invention interposing a television camera between a recording camera 'and a translucent screen having back projection controlled by the recording camera, the television and recording cameras being on a common mobile mount.

Fig. 6 shows a side view of the recording camera with two supply `and take-up magazines.

lFig. 7 shows an end view of the two magazines above the recording camera. l

fFig. 8 shows a mounting for holding the recording -carnera and aligned magazines in a horizontal position.

Fig. 9 shows a -speed reducing gear for phasing .the input and output shafts.

Fig. 10 shows a m-agnetizable disk arranged for dual input and'output operation.

Fig. 1:1 shows wave forms of pulses from `the operation of coils and disks, not shown but described.

Fig. 12 is a partial vertical sectional view of the camera shutter and drive along the center of the shutter drive shaft.'

Fig. 13 is -a sectional view along line 13-13 of Fig. l2..

Fig. 14 is a gear diagram of the final gear connection to the camera shutter.

Fig. 15 is one form of a sector for the shutter.

Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view of Fig. 13 along I line 16-16 showing a driving connection to the pull down mechanism.

Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional View of Fig. 12 along line 17.-17 showing the stop control for the rear shutter sector.

Fig. 18 is a vertical partial sectional view showing the clutch drive for the rear shutter sector.

Fig. 19 is la vertical sectional view along line 19-19 l .of Fig. 18 showing the clutch drive.

open.

Fig. 24 is a divided time chant showing the relation be- .ftween events on a 30 frame television tube screen yand the 4,operative activities of a motion picture machine operating at various rates. f

.with the shutter chamber open.

Fig. 25 isa chart similar to Fig'. 24 for a television rlatecf 72 frames per second. 1 1 Fig. 26 is -a front view of the preferred form of shutter Fig. 27 is a partial horizontal sectional view through 'the shutter chamber on line 27-27 of Fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is a sectional view of the Fig. 26 along line 28-28 showing overlap of radially movable sectors.V

` Fig. 29 is a sectional view ofFig. 26 along line 29-29 showing the cam sector for light control.

Fig. 30 is a back View of a light control chart for I' recording photographically 30 frame televised 3 color values occurring in varied sequence for 6 frame camera action.

Fig. 31 is a back view of a light control chart for 3 color .values occurring in regular sequence for varied camera Filga32 is a b ack View `of a light control chart yfor recording photographically 72, frame rate televised 3 color values at 6 frame rate camera action.

Fig. 33 is a light control chart for standard .pictur at 6 frames per second taken by a flash |light operating 72 times per second.

Fig. 34 is a light control chart for projecting pictures from a film moved 6 frames per vsecond in thecamera.

Fig. 35 is a yhorizontal sectional view of a phasing device between the motor and camera driveshaft.

Fig. 36 is a side view of a modied removable pull down mechanism originally shown iu'U.S. Pat. 2,144,277.

Fig. 37 is a vertical ,sectional View of the pull down mechanism along line 37-37 of Fig. 36.

Fig. 38 is a vertical sectional view of thepull down i mechanism along the line 38-38 ofv Fig. 37.

Fig. 39 is a horizontal sectional view ofthe pull down rmechanismalong'the ,line 394-39 of Fig. 38.

Fig. 40 is an enlarged partial sectional view through the pull down mechanism along the line 40-,40 of Fig. 39.

Fig. 4l is an enlarged portion of Fig. 39.

Fig. 42 is a view in vertical elevation of the `pull down mechanism fitted with a color screen and its operating accessories. Y

Fig. 43 is a vertical sectional view of Fig. 42 along line 43-,43fshowing the color screen installation.

-Fig. v44 -is a horizontal sectional view along the line 44-44 of Fig. 42 showingthe drive connection for the color screen.

Fig. 45 is a front view of a screen driving cam.

Fig. 46 is another'form of color-screen with its mountmg.

Fig. -47 is an end view of the cameradoor swung downwardly showing the drive arm for the lcolor screen operative from outside the camera.

Fig. 48 is a vertical sectional view-through the drive shaft for iilm movement as sho-wny in Fig. 1.

Fig. 49 is a vertical partial sectional view along the line 49-49 ofFig. 48.

Fig.' 50 is a vertical 50-50 of Fig. 48.

Fig. 5l is a diagrammatic representation of the film conveyor band and sound recorder.

Fig. 52 is an end view of the novel'photographic yelement carried by the band.

Fig. 53 is a cross sectional view through a film and a blankingscreen for color. f

Referring to Fig. l, on atripod 1 is mounted a pivoted head 2 with anradjusting handle 3. The head 2 carries a camera base 4 with a front upstanding member 5 on which is mounted lens r6. On'the camera 'base 4 rests camera case 7 with grooved beams 8 land 9 between them holding the case and base in sidewise alignment by tongues from the members 4 and 7 fitting the grooves of 8 and 9. The degree of sidewise movement is shown in Fig. f4,

partial sectional view along line where the outline 7Yof the camera case 7 rests upon the beams 8 and 9 which are approximately half way extended from the base 4.

`The travel of the beams 8 and 9 is limited by beam pins 10 and 11 which are upstanding in grooves 12 and 13 Vrespectively in the camera case 7 and depending in grooves 14' and 15 in the camera base 4. Complete vdetails of a suitable shifting mechanism appear in the parent Patent 2,661,652.

Referring to Fig. 5, von a chassis 10a mountedon wheels 11a propelled by means not shown, is a storage battery 13a for furnishing power on occasion. Connections noty shown are valso provided for drawing po'wer from power mains when these do not interfere with the mobility of the chassis and the operations of the .devices thereon. Over the storage battery at the rear of the chassis is a cabinet 15a with side openings therein giving access to amplifier 72 and switching means .73.

.The chassis carries -radio -sending station 16a. and .a -television receiver 17a, this latter facing the Aobjective of camera case 7a, the'latter being 'supported above the vlill cabinet 15a. The chassis 10a carries a telescopic support 18a and hydraulic operating mechanism 19a therefor. The telescopic support carries a platform 20a, an enclosed gear 21a and pinion 22a operated by hand wheel 23a for rotation of the platform. A spring 24a supports seat 24a for an operator within reach of the operating panel 25a on the platform. On top of the support 18a television camera 26a is tiltably mounted for movement by handle 27a. A cable connection 28a links the camera 26a to the television receiver 17a. The television camera 26a supports view finder 29a. The finder supports lamp 74 and reflector 30a. Cable 31a connects the lamp to power supply and control means, later described, through the switching means 73". Movement of the television camera by handle 27a automatically moves the beam from the `lamp 74 into the field of focus of the tele vision camera 26a. The camera 26a carries objective 32a, rotating color screen 33a operated by a motor .not shown, and objective 34a. The objective 32a is exchangeable as required for the proper recording of the scene at hand. The filter 33a and objective 34a are arranged to permit this exchange. The objective 34a may be exchangeable to fall within the class for a variety of purposes, such as (1) providing stereoscopic arrangement on the television raster, (2) anamorphoscopic process for (a) squeezing portions of the scene laterally in the image, (b) rotating the image from vertical to horizontal, etc. Y

'In the'field of View of the elevated television camera 26a is translucent screen 35a having back projector' or projectors 36a with objective or `objectives v 37a fwith suitable light source and shutter and supply The projector Y36a is notshown, to which mechanism 39a provides operating instructions and actuation in accordance with instructions provided thereto by radio receiver 40a. Instructions for operation and the operation of the projecting mechanism are dually provided by cable 41a from the switch 73" in cabinet 15a and by the aerial radio transmission from transmitter 16a to receiver 40a. The latter is particularly desirable when the movements of the chassis 10a are too rapid to follow the actionl of a figure 42a before the screen and the cable 41a interfers with the operation. .The zig-zag line 43a shows the communication by radio between sending station 16a and receiving station 40a.

As shown in Fig. 5, the various units of the system are arranged for operating management from a common operating panel 25a by an operator on seat 24a who,

@having adjusted directing film in magazine 91" through its operating path, adjusted recording film in magazine'91 through its operating pathLfocused the recordingcameia objective on the television screen 139 or its counterparts, and arranged operative control vbetween projector 36a land the recording camera, may manipulate camera 26a andY the panel controls, not shown, for the units.

An anamorphic lens on camera 26a by selection may Y include an aspect ratio of 2.55 to lfproviding an image showing on the screen 139 or its counterpart a panoramic image compressed horizontally to a lesser yaspect such as 1.33 to 1 which Iis common for motion picture projection. This image is further characterized by having (l) a background appearing before the lens intermittently under control of the recording camera 7a and (2) a foreground of action blanking out portitions of the background when Y it appears.

IThe electronic camera 26a in the manner well known to the Aart in combination with the electronic chain there.-

v with translates the scene before the camera objective 

